澳洲昆士兰代写作业:语法的角度

2019-11-28 14:19

我们将从语法的角度来分析这些文本，因为“语法和语义形式可以用作意识形态工具”（Fowler等人。引用于辛普森和梅尔，2010年，第50页）。首先，我们的研究重点是代理。代理是通过使用被动语态或主动语态在语法中表达的，因为这是一种确定哪些参与者是参与者，哪些是行为的接受者的方法。特朗普选集的一个显著特点是，除了两个稍后将讨论的情况外，没有使用被动语态。我们可以看到，在“权威和独裁权力寻求瓦解防止冲突的价值观、体系和联盟”（特朗普，2018a）中，朝鲜（或独裁政权）试图以目前的和平状态结束的事实是间接陈述的。特朗普也在暗指，这可以在政治话语中用作逃避责任的方式（辛普森和迈尔，2010年，第43页）。我们在这篇文章中找到了另一个例子：“没有哪个政权比朝鲜残酷的独裁统治更彻底或残酷地压迫自己的公民”。再次，政权是通过使用个性化和使用主动语态的主要行动者。在“公民被政权压迫”和“政权压迫公民”之间的含义发生了变化，因为行动的中心已经转移。然而，需要指出的是，在国情咨文（Trump，2018a）中，在与朝鲜有关的摘录中，被动语态被使用了两次，这是在特朗普讲述一名朝鲜叛逃者的故事时（他遭到朝鲜当局的酷刑，他的父亲试图逃跑被捕）。在这部分讲话中，通过使用被动语态，行动的中心已经转移，不再是朝鲜政权，而是叛逃者。我们可以看到，在这里，人的因素是多么重要，通过使这个叛逆者成为句子的被动主语来吸引更多的情感方面。
澳洲昆士兰代写作业:语法的角度
In the first place, we are going to analyse these texts in terms of grammar as ‘grammatical and semantic forms can be used as ideological instruments’ (Fowler et al. cited in Simpson and Mayr, 2010, p. 50). To start with, our study will focus on agency. Agency is expressed in grammar through the use of the passive or the active voice as this is a way to determine which participants are actors and which ones are the recipients of the action. One significant trait of the selected extracts from Trump is the lack of use of passive voice except for two cases which will be later addressed. We can see that in ‘Authority and authoritarian powers seek to collapse the values, the systems, and alliances that prevented conflict’ (Trump, 2018a), where the fact that North Korea (or authoritarian regimes) is trying to end with the current state of peace is stated indirectly. Also Trump is making an implicit reference, which can be used in political discourse as a way to evade responsibility (Simpson and Mayr, 2010, p.43). We find another example in this same text: ‘no regime has oppressed its own citizens more totally or brutally than the cruel dictatorship in North Korea’. Again, the regime is the main actor through the use of personalization and the use of active voice. There is a change of meaning between ‘citizens have been oppressed by the regime’ and ‘the regime has oppressed the citizens’ as the centre of the action has been shifted. However, it is significant to point out that the passive voice is used twice in the extract related to North Korea in the State of the Union speech (Trump, 2018a) and it is when Trump tells the story of a North Korean defector (‘he was tortured by North Korean authorities’ and ‘his father was caught trying to escape’). In this part of the speech, the centre of the action has shifted through the use of passive voice and it is not the North Korean regime anymore but the defector. We can see how here the human factor is what is important, appealing to the more emotional aspect by making this defector the passive subject of the sentence.

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